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part 3: economy further reading T. Princen, M. Maniates, and K. Conca, Editors. Confronting Consumption, 2002, The MIT Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts. Stairs, D., Altruism as Design Methodology. Design Issues, 2005. 21(2): p. 3-12. references web links new thinking Corporations: which sorts have the most power and what role does design play in them? Ken Conca, (Confronting Consumption, T. Princen, M. Maniates, and K. Conca, Editors. 2002, The MIT Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts) notes how globalization has changed recently as power has moved from traditionally "vertical" organizations (such as Ford where manufacture, distribution, marketing and advertising were all under one roof) to distributed organizations (such as Nike, a company that owns no manufacturing facilities but concentrates on "brand"). In Conca's view as industrial organizations are changing to respond to the fast changing global economy (eg just in time delivery, niche marketing, etc.) the result is upstreaming and downstreaming of power along the supply chain to global financiers and buyers (large retailers, brand merchandisers) respectively (147-148). |
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